War I And World War Two - 867 Words

Throughout history there have been an abundance of bloodshed, of hatred, of battles that have taken the lives of countless people in the past. War is in our blood, it is part of being human; war is what defines our generations and proves our superiority over fellow humans. War is inevitable with all the different opinions and regions on our globe, it is a necessary evil in modern wars. World War One and World War Two had many differences and similarities comparable to the causes of war, warfare, and the imperialism that took place. In the past, wars were insinuated because of rulers desire to expand their empires and to gain resources. But in modern wars fought in the West such as the two World Wars, began for completely different reasons. In 1914 Austria still had a ruling monarchy, and Emperor Franz Joseph I only had one heir to the throne, who was his nephew, Franz Ferdinand. Like any monarch, he wanted to preserve his family name and pass down the crown, but all that was taken away from Emperor Franz on june 28th 1914 when Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist while he was in Bosnia, Serbia. This act against Austria sent shockwaves throughout the country and all of Europe, prompting Austria to give Serbia an ultimatum, which Serbia did not follow. Austria declared war on Serbia on July 28th 1914, and Serbia’s greatest Ally Germany declared war on Austria shortly thereafter, beginning one the bloodiest wars Europe has ever seen. On the other hand, WorldShow MoreRelatedTo What Extent Doe s the Impact of World War I Explain the Outbreak of the Two Revolutions in 1917 ?1374 Words   |  6 Pagesof World War I explain the outbreak of the two revolutions in 1917 ? To a certain extent, the First World War was a major contributing factor to the two revolutions that took place in 1917, the February and October Revolution. The war worsened the issues that already existed in Russia and also highlighted the lack of leadership shown by the Tsar and the Provisional Government set up after the February Revolution and also the Tsars military command over the army during the war. However, World WarRead MoreCauses of World War I Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagesevents happens to be World War I, which was evoked by many different causes. The most significant and immediate causes of this catastrophe was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie. Numerous nations were involved in this war, and two examples of opposing forces are Germany and Russia. World War I was resolved to an extent with the Treaty of Versailles, but it was not entirely settled. This is clear because World War II was a result of World War I. The assassinationRead MoreWorld Wars and The Cold War Essay examples1312 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The twentieth century saw two lengthy and costly wars, which were then followed by a Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States. World War I was deemed the â€Å"Great War† but many did not anticipate another war after it just a mere twenty years later†¦a war that was even more intense than the previous one. The Cold War that began in 1947 and lasted until 1991 but had the term â€Å"zero-sum game† tethered to it. Two differing political systems, communist and capitalist, were atRead MoreWas Germany To Blame For WW1782 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Was Germany to Blame for World War One? One hundred years after the brutal bloodshed of World War One, the conflict which involved almost every country in the world, is still known as â€Å"The Great War. The number of casualties in World War I, both military and civilian, totals to around 37 million: 16 million deaths and 21 million wounded. Around 9.7 million military personnel and 6.8 million civilians were killed, not to mention those who went missing or were never found. A question that stillRead MoreWarfare During World War I1472 Words   |  6 PagesCivil War and the start of World War I. Within those years numerous technological advancements took place. Many of those advancements directly impacted the warfare in the First World War. The Civil War, also referred to as the first modern war, gave way to an even more modernized style of warfare used during World War I. Much of this modernized technology of warfare had a great impact on how tactics and strategies were used throughout the First World War. Toward the beginning of the Civil War mostRead More Woodrow Wilson and Vladimir Lenin Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesWoodrow Wilson and Vladimir Lenin were two very different individuals who were raised in two different countries. Lenin was born and raised in Russia, and Wilson was born and raised in the United States. They each had their own ideas on how peace should be achieved, but they were alike in one way though; they were both important revolutionaries of the twentieth century. Wilson’s vision for the postwar world was direct and accommodating of the entire world and was more appropriate unlike Lenin’sRead MoreTaking a Look at the Cold War1243 Words   |  5 Pages The Cold war The cold war began in 1945 and last till 1990.It involved many nation but the two main opponents were the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The cold war was a conventional power struggle between the two greatest military powers of the age . However; the Cold War was a struggle for world influence between two ways of life. The conflict in ideologies between capitalism and communism resulted in one of the greatest conflicts of the twentieth century ². The ideologyRead MoreCauses And Consequences Of World War II908 Words   |  4 PagesOf all the wars that the world has seen happen, none have been more catastrophic than the terrible world war II. But what were the causes of this war? There were many causes to World War II, although there were four true causes: anger over the Versailles Treaty, Fascism and its increase in the European countries, and the nitrous goals of Adolf Hitler combined with the isolationism of America and Britain from war. With all of th ese main causes combined together, the will create the most devastatingRead MoreImpact Of The Great War On The World War I1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Æ' The Great War The War to end all Wars† 1914 - 1918 The First World War was one of the most remarkable wars in history. Out of one shot from a Serbian rebel came one of the bloodiest conflicts in human history, and one of the most revolutionary. (importance of world war one, 2015) The purpose of this assignment was to find out the role of Australia in the war and its impact upon the nation. In this assignment, key events and actions that lead to the outbreak of war and Australia’s involvementRead MoreOn July 28, 1914 World War I Commenced, Putting The Allies1525 Words   |  7 Pages On July 28, 1914 World War I commenced, putting the Allies against the Central powers. Altogether there was thirty-two countries involved in the war. Countries such as Britain, France, Russia, and the United States were pinned against countries such as Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. Although there was a multitude of reasons that World War I erupted, the historic ‘beginning’ of this war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Despite this, The United States of America

Nicomachean Ethics Friendship, Virtue and Happiness...

In the writings of Aristotle, seen in Nicomachean Ethics, it is evident that Aristotle believes that friendship is necessary for a virtuous and therefore happy life. I believe that this is accurate due to the similar conditions necessary for a complete friendship and a happy life. It is also evident that friendship is useful in achieving a happy life because friendship can make performing virtuous actions easier. His interpretation can be misunderstood and mistakes in practice can be made, so we will need to discuss these follies as well, in order to understand all the effects of friendship on achieving a happy life. Let us first examine the similarities of friendship with that of happiness and virtue,†¦show more content†¦Since we have discussed the states of friendship and virtue in relationship to happiness, we must now examine the activities of friendship and virtue that make a happy life easier to attain. Aristotle claimed that of the goods in life â€Å"some are necessary conditions of happiness, while others are naturally useful and cooperative as instruments (1099b28-29).† He goes on further to exclaim that â€Å"having friends seems to be the greatest external good (1169b10-11).† Therefore this external good would be useful in attaining happiness. Friendship can be used as an instrument in performing virtuous actions necessary for happiness because â€Å"the solitary person’s life is hard, since it is not easy for him to be continually active all by himself; but in relation to others and in their company it is easier (1170a6-8).† Friends c an also help us achieve happiness but guiding us to do virtuous acts, â€Å"for it is proper to good people to avoid error themselves and not to permit it in their friendsShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Nicomachean Ethics1367 Words   |  6 Pages Olivia Schoen Dan Brown Ethics 101 8 April 2015 Nicomachean Ethics As one of the greatest philosophers of all time, Aristotle was one of the greats. He altered history and the way our world views philosophy and ethics. One of his theories of ethics that he written in the form of 10 books was Nicomachean Ethics, this theory consisted of Aristotle’s perspective on the life of man and what makes a good life for man. Personally, I think his theory of ethics is a good outline of how to be an ethicalRead MoreAristotles Happiness1045 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Happiness depends on ourselves,† according to Aristotle. Aristotle preserves happiness as a central purpose of human life and a goal in itself. He dedicated most of his work to the topic of happiness, more than any philosopher prior to the modern era. Aristotle was convinced that a genuinely happy life required the fulfillment of a broad range of conditions, including physical as well as mental well-being. In this way he introduced the idea of a science of happiness in the classical sense, in termsRead MoreAristotle s Ethics Of Happiness1282 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper, Aristotle’s ethics of happiness and how happiness and reason relate to one another from Nicomachean Ethics will be discussed. For one to understand Aristotle’s point of view, one must first understand the meaning of good and happiness. If an individual is asked to explain what is good, they may simply begin to list out items that are good. Aristotle explained that a person can easily compose a list of good things like, it is good to have friends or to be healthy. What Aristotle meantRead MoreAristotle : The Good Life1708 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophy and ethics. Aristotle’s work extended beyond ethics and philosophy into scientific thought where he was a very important figure in that field as well. One of Aristotle’s greatest works was the Nicomachean Ethics. In Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle explores how people should live and concentrates on the individual ’s ethical responsibilities. He outlines many different ideas and angles of what he considers the good life. These include the meaning of â€Å"The Good†, Virtues and Friendship. AristotleRead MoreAristotle And Aristotle On Friendship1480 Words   |  6 Pageswork The Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle addresses the question: what is the good life? Aristotle acknowledges that the generally accepted notion of the human good is happiness or, alternatively put, eudaimonia. The difficulty surrounding the age old question, and the topic that Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics primarily addresses, is not what we call the human good, but rather how happiness is defined and what contributes to a good, eudaimonic, flourishing life. Aristotle writes that happiness is an activeRead MorePositve Psychology and Aristotles Virtue Ethics Converge Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesemotions, individual character strengths, as well as, eudemonic happiness, as key components to optimal mental health. Like many other contemporary theories, positive psychology borrows principles and tenets of philosophies, which preceded its formal conception. The purpose of this paper is to compare a nd contrast virtue, character strengths, relationships, and happiness as presented by positive psychology with Aristotle’s virtue ethics theory. Positive psychology utilizes five pillars in order toRead MoreEssay on Aristotles Notion on Eudaimonia and Virtue 1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics he accounts that humans should make sacrifices and should ultimately aim first and foremost for their own happiness . In the paper I will argue that it is really in a person’s best interest to be virtuous . I will do this by first describing Aristotle’s notion on both eudaimonia and virtue , as well as highlighting the intimate relationship between the two . Secondly I will talk about the human role in society. Thirdly I will describe the intrinsic tie between humanRead MoreSimilarities Between Confucius And Confucius1391 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Concept of Friendship according to Aristotle and Confucius. Confucius and Aristotle both examined the concept of friendship. Since they lived in vastly different societies, one would expect that their concepts would be dissimilar. Surprisingly the y are also similarities. The two traditions’ thoughts on friendship are from two perspectives, virtue and trustworthiness. There are some similarities between Aristotle and Confucius on the concept of friendship. Both viewed friendship as virtuous andRead MoreAristotle s Theory Of Virtue Ethics2060 Words   |  9 PagesWhy does Aristotle think friendship is a good? Is he right? Aristotle outlined a guide to ethics that sought, first and foremost, a degree of applicability that does not falter in its representations of humankind. Perhaps this is the reason that Aristotle plays close attention to one of humankinds most treasured and hard-wearing concepts - friendship. It would be fair to say that friendship has cemented a position as one of the most fundamental constituents that contribute to the phenomenon of dailyRead MoreAristotle s Symposium : The Nicomachean Ethics1934 Words   |  8 Pages720532457 The Symposium verses The Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics (Ethics) is regarded as one of the, if not the greatest work concerning ethics in history. The word ethics derives from the Greek word ethos, which translates more properly as â€Å"character†, and it would seem that Aristotle’s concern in The Ethics, is what constitutes good character, and that goodness is of practical use; that merely knowing how to be a way is only half of what’s necessary, and that the known must

How to Get Top Ranking for Website Free Essays

How to Get Top Ranking for Website with the Help of Classifieds? There are alternative ways to promote your product or advertisement of your any need. It doesnt matter whether or not you wish to sell any specific product or you want to buy something. Medium of ads are like radio, TV, paper, magazines, classified sits, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Get Top Ranking for Website or any similar topic only for you Order Now however out of that classified sites are the most effective medium to post your ads. Blessings of classified sites are, you can post ads anywhere, anytime and in free price, with content as much as you wish, even you can add pictures, videos too. There are some additional advantages of such classified ads you will get relatively different medium of advertising. even though these classified sites are capable to provide great outcomes to your services, still you wish to understand a way to use them to get the traffic to your services. First of all you need to find out the various classified websites available on-line, out of them make a list of reputed classified sites. you will realize lot of on-line classified websites but solely few of them are exceptionally sensible. you can understand such ebsites awesomeness by checking that these site should be with good navigation, as well as whatever you’re going to find there, it should be found in less than two clicks. These sites are having classified options, so anyone will realize related search as soon as possible. These are some hints from that you’ll simply verify the classified web site to post free classified ads of your product and services. Once you have got selected the classified sites to post ads you need to understand how to use classified ads for excellent results. 1. Heading of your newspaper advertisement should be nique, interesting, and important, related to your product or services ad so people will not only visit but additionally enquire for your product. 2. Whenever people visit your ad and once you get enquiries, you need to add details about them in info so whenever you have some special offers regarding to your websites you can follow them. 3. Content that you’re using for describing your product, it should be distinctive, top quality and specific. 4. Even you can images and videos to explain your ad ex. in case of car selling you post totally different pictures of your car so onsumers will get plan of your ad well. These are some necessary and common tips that facilitate to push your business ad In order to form your business more successful with commercials you’ll post your ads through Indiaaclick. com. Indiaaclick is one in all the favored free classifieds in India that helps to boost your business. Indiaaclick classifieds is developed on the basis of SEO techniques thus it helps to extend web site traffic as result you will get high customers for your business. How to Get Top Ranking for Website with the Help of Classifieds By classifiedlac How to cite How to Get Top Ranking for Website, Papers

Review of Ernest Hemingway and Writings essay Example For Students

Review of Ernest Hemingway and Writings essay Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American novelest and short-story writer whose writings and personal life exerted a profound influence on American writers of his time and thereafter. Many of his works are regarded as American classics, and some have subsequently been made into motion pictures. A review of Hemingway reveals many interesting points about his life, about the influences upon his works, and of the the themes and styles of his writings. An examination of Hemingway’s past brings to light many interesting points and helps to create a better understanding of how he came to be the master of the understated prose style. The second of six children born to Clarence and Grace Hemingway, Ernest was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. The society he grew up in was one of strict disciplinarians. His parents were no exception. In fact he spent much of his life trying to escape the â€Å"repressive code of behavior† (CLC, 177) that was pushed upon him as a child. After graduating high school in 1977 he chose not to go to college and instead became a reporter for the Kansas City Star, where he remained for seven months. His oppurtunity to break away came when he volunteered as a Red Cross ambulance driver in Italy. In July of 1918 while serving long the Piave River, he was severely wounded by shrapnel and forced to return home after recuperation in January 1919. The war had left him emotionally and physically shaken, and according to some critics he began as a result â€Å"a quest for psychological and artistic freedom that was to lead him first to the secluded woods of Northern Michigan, where he had spent his most pleasant childhood moments, and then to Europe, where his literary talents began to take shape. † (CLC, 177) First he took a part-time job as a feature writer for the Toronto Star, eager to further pursue his journalistic ambitions. In the fall of 920 he became the contributing editor of a trade journal, which took him to Chicago. It was there that he met his first wife, Hadley Richardson. They were married in September 1921. In December of that year they went to France and for a 19 month strech Ernest travled over Europe and Anatolia as a foreign correspondant for the Toronto Star. In late 1923 they returnned briefly to Toronto where their son John was born, but Europe was still in Hemingway’s mind. In early 1924 he resigned his job at the Star and moved back to Paris to launch his career as a writer. In an examination of Hemmingway’s writings is very much akin to study of his life. Most all of his fiction was based upon or expanded from events that he himself had experienced, or at least that which he knew completely, inside and out. Being the perfectionist that he was, Ernest did not feel justified in writing about topics of which he was not comepletely informed. Through his extensive travels in Europe and Africa, as well as other areas, he formed the groundwork for many of his most famed and cherished stories. His work as a Red Cross ambulance driver (mentioned earlier) in Italy ended up providing the theme and location of one of his most sucsessful novels, A Farewell to Arms, published in 1929. Many of his tales, especially in earlier years, centered around a character named Nicholas Adams, undoubtably an incarnation of Hemingway himself. Just as Hemingway before him, Nick Adams grew up around the Michigan woods, went overseas to fight in the war, was severely wounded, and returned home. .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed , .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed .postImageUrl , .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed , .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed:hover , .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed:visited , .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed:active { border:0!important; } .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed:active , .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0c9e4a80299767387b437177e266c7ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Satan: The True Hero Of Paradise Lost Essay Research PaperEarlier stories set in Michigan, such as â€Å"Indian Camp† and â€Å"The Three-Day Blow† show a young Nick to be an impressionable adolescent trying to find his path in a brutally violent and overwhelmingly confusing world. Like most all of Hemingway’s main characters, Nick on the surface appears ough and insensitive. However, â€Å"critical exploration has resulted in a widespread conclusion that the toughness stems not from insensitivity but from a strict moral code which functions as the characters’ sole defense against the overwhelming chaos of the world. (CLC, 177) Not just Nick Ad ams’ experiences, but his attitudes as well seem to mimic those of his creator. Ernest’s 1924-25 adventures in Paris and Pamplona were the basis of a memorable novel, The Sun Also Rises, which helped to build him a reputation. The book was instantly sucsessful and made him the leader of what was called â€Å"The Lost Generation. † Grolier, 1) His 1938 play and mellodrama of the Spanish Civil War, The Fifth Column, was composed a year earlier during a stay in Madrid. In 1933-34 He went on a big-game safari in Kenya and Tanganyika where he became an avid hunter and picked up the knowledge for his 1935 nonfiction work, Green Hills of Africa. Also derived from his African experiences were two of best stories, â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro† and â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber. † Dubbed his most ambitios novel, â€Å"For Whom The Bell Tolls,† about the tragedy that had befallen the Spanish people, came following the time he spent serving as a orrespondent for the North American Newspaper Alliance during the Spanish Civil War. Other stories of his, while not based as directly on events in his life, were still of subjects he took interest in and was quite knowledgeable about. Upon review of Hemingway’s writings, it can be concluded that his works, on the whole, reflect the themes and attitudes of his own life, and tend to be rejecting of society. All of his works seem to revolve around the psychologically wounded Hemingway Hero, accurately representing his own ongoing struggle to face the world with â€Å"grace under pressure. † (CLC, 178) All of Hemingway’s heros adhere to their own code, or set of moral standards. They are usually men, tough and experienced in the world they know, yet seemingly insensitive. Though they may seem cold on the surface, it has been said that â€Å"the fidelity to a code, to a discipline, may be an index to a sensitivity which allows the characters to see, at moments, their true plight. At times, and usually at times of stress, it is the tough man, for Hemingway, the disciplined man, who actually is aware of pathos or tragedy. (CLC, 179) For example Harry, in â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro,† who fits the above decription of a Hemingway Hero, ying incapacitated and ready to die, reveals through a series of flashbacks his own imperfections and regrets. What he experiences on his death bed is a moment of clarity, and is akin to the man of discipline who, in a time of stress, finds his own sensitivity and is able to see his true plight. The general idea behind Hemingway’s stories usually fall into one of two categories. First, there is the story about the man who as already adopted his code, or disciplines, in the world which he cannot otherwise cope with. The second, which is used more often, is about growth and learning, about discovery of the orld’s evils and disorder, and about the steps taken towards â€Å"mastery of discipline† (CLC, 180) and the building of one’s code. One good example of the latter would be â€Å"The Short Hapy Life of Francis Macomber† in which a weak spineless man on safari in Africa (note the similarity to Hemingway’s own experience) experiences various achievements and rejections which lead to his timely evolution from a normal twit to a disciplined man. .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1 , .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1 .postImageUrl , .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1 , .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1:hover , .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1:visited , .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1:active { border:0!important; } .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1:active , .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1 .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub22b6073f8e4291e95bf0019849823f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Church is My Second Home EssayStill the definitive hero of Hemingway’s tales is Nick Adams’, whose collected stories are entirely about just that, the initiation into a swirling world of evil and onfusion, and the learning necesary to cope with it. Over half of the first forty-five stories that Hemingway wrote focus on Nick, or occasionally another young man so similar that they could be one and the same. As a young boy, Nick’s reaction to the world is that of shock. He stands to the side and observes events, more than taking part in them. Terrible things happen to him, and about him, as he grows up through the course of Hemingway’s work. His experiences teach the reader about life, and help to reveal the truths we would otherwise encounter in a manner similar to him. In other words, â€Å"He is the whipping-boy f our fearful awareness†¦He suffers our accidents and defeats before they happen to us. † (CLC, 183) The impact which Ernest Hemingway’s work has left upon society is nothing short of astounding. He has taught about life’s harsh realities and the importance of maintaining a code by which to live and deal with those realities. Through his own extensive experiences he has compiled these stories of the dark side of life, and of the good that can be found within. His own battle with the unforgiving world in which we exist, from which his stories were derived, was lost in 1961 when he committed suicide. The world will forever bear his mark.

The Devil in the Details free essay sample

Recently we’ve been looking at 2 videos talking about carbon. One says carbon is good for us and that without it we would die and the other one says that carbon has to be reduced in a serious way. In the carbon footprints video she says that we are stupid because we think we have to start changing the way we think saying that carbon is the worst that could’ve happened in our world. She explains that years ago we had more carbon than now, well she is telling a true fact that is that we had more carbon, because now we don’t burn so much things as we did years ago, an luckily we have change also our point of view and started to recognize that carbon isn’t good for us. She says we’ve made a nonsense act, we’ve made carbon disappear. In the other video of Cap and Trade it explains the contrary idea from the carbon footprints video. We will write a custom essay sample on The Devil in the Details or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It says that in America carbon is over loading. Things have gone further than it’s supposed to be, because they have been using a lot of carbon in everything and it should be controlled. So they created a plan, a way to reduce this waste, by also making profit from it. Cap and Trade makes a bit more sense, well I only agree with the Cap part that means reducing carbon by a certain percent, but the Trade part is the part which I don’t agree much with, it explains that when they reduce the carbon they give some permits a year of the amount of pollutance that each one should make, each year it would be reduce, some companies create another way of building clean alternatives to maintain their work constant and give their permits to other companies that really need them so here they start gaining money, but the carbon pollutance isn’t changing. So it’s not as effective as it seems. In conclusion we should always be in the middle, not expanding our carbon waste, but never stop producing it.

americas longest war essays

americas longest war essays A war that began in the early 1950s and ended in the 1973. Vietnam had gained its independence from France in 1954. The country was divided into North and South. The North had a communist government led by Ho Chi Minh. The South had an anti-communist government led by Ngo Dinh Diem. The United States supported an anti-communist regime known as the Republic of Vietnam, which is the South Vietnam. The U.S. wanted to prevent South Vietnam from falling to the communists, which eventually led the United States to fight a major regional war. The communist great powers that supported South Asia were the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. The U.S. involvement in Vietnam began during the administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961), which sent US military to South Vietnam. John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) decided to commit American support troops to South Vietnam. By the beginning of 1964, America had about 17,000 troops in Vietnam. The troops were sent to the south part of Vietnam to advise and train the Vietnamese military. The war was costing two-thousand-million dollars every month. Due to this the prices of many goods in the United States began to rise. The value of the dollar began to drop. The result was inflation. President Johnson believed that the United States had to support South Vietnam. Many other Americans agreed. They believed that without American help, South Vietnam would become communist. Some Americans became angry and were against the war many anti-war demonstrations took place in the cities of San Francisco and Chicago, many students began to protest. They wanted the war to end quickly. Then the North attacked the South Vietnam making it hard for many Americans to believe that the communists could actually launch such a major attack against South Vietnam. Due to the lack of strategy ...

Write an essay about the following questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Write an about the following questions - Essay Example According to naturalists, the world exists naturally. However, this school of thought assumes that the existence of reality is independent of the observers; thus, the observers should categorize and record these observations (Algra 251). Therefore, a well-developed philosophical accounts leading to any reality must be analyzed against the effects to humanity and world’s naturalist. Moreover, the activities of this reasoning must follow well-organized logical standards. The Aristotle’s ethical views may appeal to a rational reality determination of matters of existence of the universe, but acceptable behavior development and attitude confirmation is needed for proper reasoning towards assessing the reality in the world. Thus, only right characters can properly develop assessment of the world and react to such developments in line with creating values and virtues of these characters within the society (Algra 264). Despite of the contribution of philosophers like Aristotle , it is vital to note that reality often exist regardless of human reason and human activities. Regarding these assumptions, Hedonist and Stoic philosophers derived different social and ethical theories that can be used to examine and explain any intended changes in the nature. Hedonism is a philosophical argument that defines happiness as pleasure created by avoidance of pain. However, in the contemporary world, the hedonist views can be understood as allowing an individual to peruse pleasure without analyzing the other effects on such actions (Algra 622). In fact, Epicurus was opposed to the quest of the bacchanalian pleasures especially regarding extreme sensuality. Epicurus argued that such physical pleasures are usually short-lived and follows an equally extreme pain (Algra 634). In this context, one may consider pleasure as pursue of life and avoidance of pain

Research psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research psychology - Essay Example The feared situations can vary from interpersonal social interactions in small groups to talking to strangers. Performance fears, such as speaking in public, also are common. People with social anxiety disorder either avoid feared situations or experience them with extreme anxiety. Most individuals with the disorder have the more severe, "generalized" type, in which the person has other social fears in addition to the common fear of public speaking. Many researchers have conducted research in the area with varying recommendations. Much has been researched on social anxiety and how it affects peoples’ lives. Usually many researches have looked at the causes of social anxiety and how it could be treated. SARA W.holds that one–fifth of patients with social anxiety disorder also suffers from an alcohol use disorder (AUDs). They have argued that one of the theories that can be attributed to this is the tension reduction theory, which proposes that people with social anxiety use alcohol to alleviate their fears. This expectation that alcohol reduces anxiety may motivate alcohol consumption even if pharmacological studies do not support that assumption. She holds that social anxiety disorder is treatable with both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Some researchers have also attributed social anxiety disorders to environmental risk factors such as parenting (Ollendick & Hirshfeld-Becker, 2002). Although the role of parenting has emerged as a small but significant risk factor, less research has focused on parent psychopathology. This lack of attention may be due, in part, to the difficulty in separating out genetic contributions from environmental impact. Despite this, there is some evidence that parents with specific disorders contribute significantly to an increased rate of many childhood and adolescence disorders, potentially even within a particular developmental pathway (Stranger 1999; Burstein

Houston Club tour report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Houston Club tour report - Assignment Example Houston Club understands the importance of having a high number of members in order to keep it operational. In this case, the company has implemented an efficient membership marketing structure that has ensured that the club’s membership segment of golf club approximate 400 members, the country club has about 600 members, and there are about 1,000 members in the club’s dining, sporting, and business segment. In effect, the club appears to be doing well in an environment where some of the clubs were closing down in Florida. However, the club’s main advantage was that there were fewer clubs within its area of operations. For Houston Club, exclusivity is one of the marketing strategies that the company has utilized in order to gain more members than other clubs. In this case, the club has packaged itself as an exclusive Gentlemen’s Club, which is an important strategy of the club in differentiating itself from its competitors. Exclusivity is evident in the club’s facilities ranging from their rooms and other important features such as wine lockers stocked with some of the most expensive wines. The exclusivity makes more members want to join the club and become part of the elite. After identifying the importance of this strategy in gaining more members, the club consequently introduced three segments of membership with these three being golf club membership, country club membership, and the other segment drawing membership from people interested in dining, sporting, and business. In this way, the club has a capacity to market its membership across members with varying interests. Other than membership marketing strategy focusing on the club’s exclusivity, the PR team packaged offers from the club, sent invitations to the city’s law firms, and then focused on the oil, gas, and financial industries by sending invitations to members who were attracted to the packages offered by

Shostakovichs Chamber Music and Musical Tradition

Shostakovichs Chamber Music and Musical Tradition To what extent does Shostakovich draw on musical tradition in his chamber music? Your answer must be supported by a discussion of two or three appropriate pieces of chamber music by Shostakovich that you have studied in the module materials. Musical tradition has been part of our cultural heritage for as long as we can remember. Still it is not that simple to define. One can say that traditional music are songs and tunes which have been passed down orally for generations, and are often folk songs, country dance and similar, but it can also be pieces of written music from early composers etc. We are going to look at three compositions of chamber music written by the Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-75). String Quartet No.2: first movement String Quartet No. 7: second movement Piano Trio No. 2: last movement The discussion is whether these are more of a traditional Classical musical structure, or an expression of a musical artist, that uses different elements to dissent from prevailing political ideologies at a time when the Communist Soviet Union restricted an artists freedom of speech. Originally, chamber music was written with the intention for small groups to play for private functions, and as the number of instrument were so few, there was no need of a conductor. That is one of the reasons that chamber music by its nature is so intimate. They have to learn how to communicate with each other with eye-contact and signs between themselves. String Quartet is a genre of chamber music which originated around 1760-1820, the Classical period of western music. The traditional ensemble is made up of two violins, a viola and a cello, sitting in a slightly curved line to be able to see each other. There are four movements in a Classical string quartet. One of the significant differences of this Shostakovich string quartet is, that in the first movement, it is actually written in a typically classical sonata form. (Samson Diamond, speaking in Shostakovich, scene 5). The first movement of String Quartet No. 2 is divided into three parts: Exposition Development Recapitulation. In the exposition, where the theme is, are two melodic ideas presented, traditionally played by the first violinist. Dominantly and energetic, he is accompanied by the other three. Then, the second violinist is getting more purposeful and intense with her bow strokes, following by the viola. The cello is playing contrasting and forceful in a lower pitch. The second melody coming up, is lacking the forceful strong moves from the previous section, but expresses more intense winding. At this point, Shostakovich decides not to follow the traditional structure, of continuing straight to the development. Instead he dissents from this by showing a hint to repeat the exposition instead of moving on to the development, although he does not. In the development, the melodies changes, and the first violinist becomes again more dominant, and the music becomes more intense and pulsating with a different tone colour to the exposition. Then, after the development, the sonatas recapitulation restates the theme, more intense and reversed. Shostakovich wrote fifteen string quartets, which are highly expressive and very personal. many composers used chamber music to give us the truest portraits of themselves, their most intimate thoughts and feelings. (Reading 6.1 in Richards, 2008, p. 223). Which explains why the quartets he decided to dedicate, were to family and close friends only, unlike his symphonies that were tributes to national events. The String Quartet no. 7, is in F sharp minor, a musical key, which is traditionally associated with pain and suffering. This quartet was written in memory to his wife Nina, whose sudden death affected Shostakovich profoundly, which clearly mirrored the choice of key for this piece. The second movement of a quartet (Lento), is traditionally the most expressive and personal of the four movements, where the music is transmitting the meaning, and that is definitely the case here. In a classical string quartet, there are usually four movements, but for some reason, Shostakovich breaks away from the traditional structure, and uses only three linked movements: Allegretto Lento Allegro The Heath Quartet, which are playing the second movement on the DVD (Shostakovich, 2008, scene 7) opens first with the second violin playing a seductive and controlled melody, which continues throughout the movement. Then the first violinist enters, playing a pitch higher, and the effect is almost hypnotic with the winding melody from the second violin. Both of violins are muted with an object that restricts the vibrations and changes the sound. Shostakovich uses the mute quite often in his work to gain the desired intensity of the movement. I think it adds to the stifled expression, the kind of emotion that is under the surface, that never really shows itself in the slow movement. (Oliver Heath, speaking in Shostakovich, 2008, scene 7) Piano Trio No.2 is another chamber work where Shostakovich expresses his grief and despair. It is a different type of chamber work to Quartet No. 7, for the reason that here there are three solo instruments: violin, cello and piano, and it is made up of four movements. Initially, in the 17th century, the piano trio was in a three movement form, but with the early 19th century, some composers like Beethoven for example, preferred to cast in the four movement form. Shostakovich was the one composer that definitely looked back at other composers. He is very often avant-garde on certain things. But he studied the compositions of great masters like Beethoven. (Michael Gurevich, speaking in Shostakovich, 2008, Scene 1). It was both national and personal tragedy that drove him to write this piece of music. It was finished in the spring of 1944, after WWII. Russia was in a state of exhaustion and the facts of the horrifying death camps and the fate of the Jews had started to unravel. Shostakovich had also lost his closest friend and mentor, Ivan Sollertinsky, when he was composing the Piano Trio. Shortly after, when Shostakovich had finished the trio, he decided to dedicate it in memory of his friend, following in a tradition of Russian elegiac piano trios, similar to Tchaikovsky, who had dedicated his trio to Nicholas Rubinstein. The final movement of Piano Trio No.2 (Shostakovich, 2008, Track 19), brings together many of the various elements being used until now; the ghostly opening, the frenzy crash of chords in a furious pace. Glee and madness following the anguish in the final movement. The whole piece of the fourth movement is under shadow of death and frustration, and it evoked controversial reactions from the critiques. This movement is nothing less than a gruesome dance of death; its quiet ending is the stillness of the mass grave. (Huth, 2005, in Richards, 2008, in Richards, p. 220). The Soviet Communist ideology was idealism, and therefore it expected Shostakovich finales to finish on a high spirit. However, Shostakovich choses to express dissent by showing the truest portrait of reality through his music. The Jewishness in Shostakovichs music was another factor that provoked dissent under the Stalin regime, because; distinctive Jewish culture was anti-Soviet, and therefore undesirable. (Richards, 2008, p.195). Nevertheless, Shostakovich kept making use of Jewish elements in his music, like Jewish folk poetry and melodies. One critique writes, after hearing Piano Trio No. 2; This is Klezmer, the wild music of Jewish celebration,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Philip, 2005, in Richards, p. 221). Shostakovich says in Testimony: Jews were tormented for so long that they have learned to hide their despair. They express despair in dance music. and he adds; Jews became a symbol for meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I tried to convey that feeling in my music. (Reading 6.2 in Richards, 2008, p.224). Many of his works were forbidden because of the anti-Semitism, and his use of musical material that provoked dissent. Despite his efforts to hide the real meaning, some of his music could not be performed until long after Stalins death in 1953. Much of Shostakovichs music follows the traditional Classical musical structures, and as any musical tradition that is still alive, it is destined to become tradition. (1317 words) Bibliography Richards, F. (2008) Dmitri Shostakovich, AA 100 Book 2, Chapter 6. Shostakovich (2008) AA 100 Audio CD. Shostakovich (2008) AA 100 DVD Video. The Open University (2014) Exploring Music, https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=855780section=5.4 (Accessed 29 January 2017).

Media, Appearance and Eating Disorders Essay -- Argumentative Persuasi

Media, Appearance and Eating Disorders    Many women are concerned with their appearance. Too many of them are caught up with the image of being skinny and pretty. By seeing all the beautiful, thin women in the media and in society, they may feel insecure about the way they look. Therefore, they try and do anything they can to acquire that appearance. Methods they use to try and achieve this are by self-starvation, known as Anorexia, or induced vomiting, known as Bulimia. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are only two of the eating disorders that often result from their incessant desire to be thin and "beautiful." Eating disorders, such as these, also occur amongst men. However, it is less common. "Standards for males simply are not as extreme or as inimical to normal body builds as are women's standards" (Fallon, Katzman, and Wooley 8). It is not just the biological aspect, though, that makes this occur more often in women. Fallon, Katzman, and Wooley claim On even a practical level, women's self-image, their social and economic success and even their survival can still be determined largely by their beauty and by the men it allows them to attract, while for men these are based largely on how they act and what they accomplish. Looks simply are of secondary importance for male success. (9) Beauty and fashion are also in part with their desire for social acceptance and success. Women try to meet an unreasonable weight standard because fashion requires them to. Men are encouraged to be strong and powerful. As they work to develop their power in the gym and at work, they associate "thin" with "skinny" and "weak." Even though female models often look frail, (which men hate in themselves), fema... ...school, a majority of the guys would pine after the thin, pretty girls. The girls, "with meat on them," would often be jealous of, therefore, feeling they are not thin enough to be beautiful. Low self-esteem and eating disorders would then result from these feelings. I, personally, do not think that "thin is beautiful." Not only by your exterior, but what kind of a person you are and what you have inside, makes you beautiful.       Works Cited Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders, Inc. Updated September 2001. http://www.anred.com. November 27, 2001. Fallon, Patricia, Melanie A. Katzman, and Susan C. Wooley, eds. Feminist Perspectives on Eating Disorders. New York: Guilford Press, 1994. Wolf, Naomi. "The Beauty Myth." Signs of Life. 3rd edition. Comp. and ed. Sonia Maasik and Jack Solomon. New York: St. Martin's Press. 2000. 481-89.

Living the American Dream: Of Mice and Men Essay

What is the American Dream? There are a myriad of aspects to it, but one general idea: the ideal life. It is making a lot of money, being respected, and triumphing difficult situations. In the book Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, Lennie and George’s dream is to live on a ranch of their own. But through these difficult times will their hard work pay off? In his novel, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck highlights Lennie, Crooks and Carlyss wife to demonstrate that many pursue the American Dream, but only a few succeed. Through out the novel Lennie had many little dreams. Their perfect world is one of independence. Workers like Lennie and George have no family, no home, and very little control over their lives; they only have what they carry. This gives them motivation to work and make money to go towards their dream. â€Å"‘Well,’ said George, ‘we’ll have a big vegetable patch and a rabbit hutch and chickens. And when it rains in the winter, we’ll just say the hell with goin’ to work, and we’ll build up a fire in the stove and set around it an’ listen to the rain comin’ down on the roof†¦'†(Steinbeck 14). Lennie has a dream before he even reaches the new ranch, he wants to tend the rabbits â€Å"an’ live of the fatta the lan’† (Steinbeck 14). He wants to be able to do what he loves to do. Will Lennie complete his dream? In the novel Of Mice and Men, Crooks similar to Lennie has many dreams. Crooks is very separated from the other men because of his race; they don’t converse or spend time with one and other. He feels very alone, he once said,† ‘Cause I’m black. They play cards in there, but I can’t play because I’m black. They say I stink. Well, I tell you, all of you stink to me.†(Steinbeck 68). Crooks dream is to be accepted and equal with the other men on the ranch. Just because he is only one of the black men in town he believes he should be treated the same way, he should be playing cards and going out with them. Crooks also wants to join Lennie and Candy in their dream at the new ranch, â€Å"†¦If you†¦guys would want a hand to work for nothing-just his keep, why I’d come and lend a hand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Steinbeck 76). Crooks wanted to join them so he wouldn’t be alone. Will he ever be accepted and accomplish his dream? Curley’s wife has a dream that although different in detail from the other’s dreams, is still very similar in its general desires. Curley’s wife is very unsatisfied by Curly; she consistently hangs around the barn, trying to engage in other workers conversations. She wants companionship; she is so helpless she will talk to the men on the ranch that doesn’t like her. She also has a dream like the other men on the ranch; she wanted to be an actress in Hollywood. She imagines how great it would be to stay in nice hotels, own lots of beautiful clothes, and have people want to take her photograph (Steinbeck 89). Both attention and financial security would have been hers. Like the men she desires friendship, and also material comforts, though the specifics of her dream differ from theirs. Will she ever achieve her dream? Many pursue the American Dream, but only a few succeed. In this novel, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck created many dreams for Lennie, Crooks, and Curley’s wife but none of them succeed. Lennie died he was shot by George, crooks bfjdlsfs, and Lennie killed Curley’s wife. Thought out the story these characters saw hope and they tried to catch it but they were not successful. Everyone dreams of the American Dream. Works Cited: Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New York: Penguin Group, 1937

When to Use On-Reading and Kun-Reading for Kanji in Japanese Writing

When to Use On-Reading and Kun-Reading for Kanji in Japanese Writing Kanji are  characters used in modern Japanese writing, equivalent to the Arabic letters in the alphabet used in English, French, and other Western languages. Theyre based on written Chinese characters, and along with hiragana and katakana, kanji make up all of written Japanese.   Kanji was imported from China around the fifth century. The Japanese incorporated both the original Chinese reading and their native Japanese reading, based on what was then an entirely spoken version of the Japanese language.    Sometimes in Japanese, the pronunciation of a particular kanji character is based on its Chinese origin, but not in every instance. Since theyre based on an ancient version of the Chinese pronunciation, on-readings usually bear little resemblance to their modern-day counterparts.   Here we explain the difference between on-reading and kun-reading of kanji characters. Its not the easiest concept to understand and is probably not something beginning students of Japanese need to worry about. But if your goal is to become proficient or even fluent in Japanese, it will be important to understand the subtle differences between on-reading and kun-reading of some of the most used kanji characters in Japanese.   How to Decide Between On-Reading and Kun-Reading Simply put, on-reading (On-yomi) is the Chinese reading of a kanji character. It is based on the sound of the kanji character as pronounced by the Chinese at the time the character was introduced, and also from the area it was imported. So an  on-reading of a given word might be quite different from modern standard Mandarin. The kun-reading (Kun-yomi) is the native Japanese reading associated with the meaning of a kanji.   Meaning On-reading Kun-reading mountain () san yama river ( sen kawa flower () ka hana Almost all kanji have On-readings except for most of the kanji that were developed in Japan (e.g. è ¾ ¼ has only Kun-readings). Some dozen kanji dont have Kun-readings, but most kanji have multiple readings.   Unfortunately, there is no simple way to explain when to use  On-reading or Kun-reading. Those learning Japanese need to memorize how to  correctly stress syllables and proper  pronunciation  on an individual basis, one word at a time.   On-reading is usually used when the kanji is a part of a compound (two or more kanji characters are placed side by site). Kun-reading is used when the kanji is used on its own, either as a complete noun or as adjective stems and verb stems. This is not a hard and fast  rule, but at least you can make a better guess.   Lets take a look at the kanji character for æ ° ´ (water). The on-reading for the character is sui and the Kun-reading is mizu. æ ° ´ (mizu) is a word in its own right, meaning water. The kanji compound æ ° ´Ã¦â€ºÅ"æâ€" ¥(Wednesday) is read as suiyoubi. Kanji On-reading Kun-reading - ongaku(music) - otosound - seiza(constellation) - hoshi(star) - shinbun(newspaper) -atara(shii) (new) - shokuyoku(appetite) - ta(beru)(to eat)

10 Argumentative Essay Topics on Medicalization as a Social Concept

10 Argumentative Essay Topics on Medicalization as a Social Concept If you need facts for your next essay on medicalization as a social concept, look at the items below: When medical problems are described in medical terms it is referred to as medicalization. This is a process by which non-medical situations are framed as something which requires medical treatment even if this is not true. This process can be detrimental to individuals because it causes otherwise normal human behavior to be rebranded as something like a medical condition. For many decades homosexuality was viewed as a mental illness. Even today one can find educational videos shown in public schools, and created by public schools, which emphasize the dangers of the homosexual medical illness. These videos talk heavily about how people who want to cultivate relationships with someone of the same sex suffer from a mental illness for which they must receive treatment. For many decades this belief, this medicalization of a simple biological aspect of humanity, one which is completely natural and has been observed in the animal kingdom since the beginning of time, led to a great deal of persecution and misunderstandings. It caused many people to believe that this normal human behavior was actually a severe medical condition. Bodily responses to regular processes such as inflammation or weight gain are viewed as problematic. This is another example of the medicalization of physical fitness. Because anyone who does exhibit a certain percentage of fat is viewed as unhealthy, this normal human state is now recognized as a medical condition. Now people, who are slightly overweight, are a regular target to diet and lifestyle suggestions and considered to have a medical condition for which medical treatment is required. This has led to a great deal of diet pills and eating supplements marketed to people of all ages. This has led to even more severe responses such as hypertension medication being given to children. People are immediately changing to the counter medications as though they were candy to treat simple ailments such as a swollen leg after a jog for a swollen shoulder muscle after lifting a heavy object. These are natural bodily responses to the everyday wear and tear that takes place on human bodies and yet the medicalization of such items has made them appear as though they were medical conditions which necessitate treatment. When the medicalization of any natural behavior becomes a socially accepted idea, it interferes with the regular processes of the human body. What might be a normal human function like converting simple and complex carbohydrates into sugars and therefore into insulin in the blood, become viewed as something detrimental or negative. Once it is viewed as a medical condition which requires medical treatment, people begin to take medications which interfere with the way the body works. This interference becomes permanent and leads to the additional reliance upon other medications which also interfere with natural behavior and human function. Rather than taking it upon oneself to monitor the food that is eaten, people will instead view their high blood sugar content as problematic in a single instance and take medication to stop the bodys production of insulin. While this is a natural occurrence that does take place in cases such as diabetes, many people today still bring this situation u pon themselves by taking medications. Simple illnesses which the body can fight naturally become medicalization gold. People will take antibiotics to help treat a simple infection which the body would have otherwise treated on its own. The more antibiotics are taken, and the more people fail to take them properly, the worse it is for the kidneys. When this happens the kidneys are no longer able to function properly which can result in renal failure. Any form of hormones taken by males or females are done so generally as a result of the medicalization of regular human behavior. And when this takes place it alters the body permanently. If the body generates a specific number of specific hormones each day, taking hormones in the form of medication will trick your body into believing that it has already generated the proper amount for that day. In doing so the body then cuts back on the total amount that it generates regularly. This means that if you stop taking your medicalized hormones your body will no longer produce the amount of hormones that it needs because it has been tricked into already thinking that it does. And when this happens the end result is that people have to stay on the useless medications for the long term which then leads to the same problem reoccurring and often in many other systems of the body simultaneously. The aging process has recently fallen victim to the medicalization of normal human processes. While aging was viewed as a regular event, something which was not only natural but beautiful, it is no longer so. Current social constructs of opinion leaders to believe that the aging process is bad and that all items associated with the aging process should be mitigated if not rectified. The result of this is that health care provides a variety of medications to treat the natural process of aging. All of these notions are unnecessary and yet people have to continue taking them for the rest of their lives once they start. Regular human emotions and reactions to their environment are natural human processes and yet thanks to the medicalization of health, many people now believe that being in touch with their emotions and responding in an emotional fashion to certain situation warrants unnatural behavior and medical treatment. In many cases depression is a mental state of being which can be controlled by the individual and which a perfectly natural response to certain situations is. Many times the emotional well-being of an individual impacted by changes in their life such as tragic events or hormones. And yet today these are viewed as negative things which must be rectified with pharmaceutical treatment. This leads to a series of negative ramifications in the form of secondary symptoms to the original medication prescribed. Individuals who are told that they suffer from depression because they are being sad about a few things in school are given medications. These medications cause side effects such as suicidal thoughts and weight gain. As a result people are being told that their weight gain must be rectified with additional medication. The suicidal thoughts must be halted immediately with another set of medications and both of these bring about new secondary symptoms and side effects the same as the original medication. This circle goes around and around for everybody who has ever been victim of medicalization. We hope these facts will find their place in your future essay. You might as well check our 20 topics on medicalization as a social concept backed with 1 sample essay as well as our guide that shows how to write an argumentative essay on this topic. References: Baillargeon, Denyse.  Babies For The Nation. Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2009. Print. Conrad, Peter, and Joseph W Schneider.  Deviance And Medicalization. St. Louis: Mosby, 1980. Print. Conrad, Peter.  Identifying Hyperactive Children. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1976. Print. Conrad, Peter.  The Medicalization Of Society. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007. Print. Frances, Allen.  Saving Normal. New York, NY: William Morrow, 2013. Print. Georges, Eugenia.  Bodies Of Knowledge. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2008. Print. Hunt, Nancy Rose.  A Colonial Lexicon Of Birth Ritual, Medicalization, And Mobility In The Congo. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999. Print.

Environmental Influences on Tumor Development and Spread Essay

Environmental Influences on Tumor Development and Spread - Essay Example Basic characteristic of malignant tumors is the abnormality in the cells, which is expressed through a decreased control of growth and functions, causing fatal diseases in the patients with invasive growth and metastasis. The division of tumors is based on the following criteria: histogenesis of the tumors, histologic image, biological activities of the tumor, eponyms and anatomy of the tumors (Abeloff et al.). According to their histogenesis, tumors are classified as epithelial and mesenhimal. However, such classification is incomplete, as certain tumors' origins is hard to indentify, such as melanomas and ovarian tumors, or cells which usually are not fond in the adult organism, such as embryonic tumors. The histologic image divides the tumors into a strong, middle or weak differentiation, depending on the maturity of the cells. If there is a complete loss of identity of the tumor in relation to the tissue that the tumor is generated from, we call that undifferentiated and anaplastic. The most important and familiar division of tumors is according to their biological activities. They are divided into benign and malignant; benign tumor cells are very similar to the cells of the tissue they originate from and they are very well differentiated. They grow slowly with expansion and the tumor is usually encapsulated. Malignant tumors have non-differentiated cells and are characterized with progressive growth and infiltration in surrounding tissue. In time, malignant cells enter into the blood and lymph vessels and through them they arrive to other parts of the organism where they cause metastasis or secondary growth.(Jovanovski et al.) There are tumors with semi-malignant behavior, which are usually represent locally malignant. In this group of tumors a localized growth is emphasized, while foreign metastasis appear extremely rare. Some tumors are named according to the authors that described them, for example Wilmsov, Hodgkin lymphoma, Brenner and other. Other tumors are named according to the organ, and not according to the tissue from which the originate, for example, hepatoma. The development of malignancy Malignant tumors can develop from any other tissue or organ, at any age. Before analysis of the growth and spread of the malignant tumors, a review of cell kinetics is necessary, in particular, division of the cells. All human cells which are capable to divide (bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract) enter in a cell cycle, which consists of 4 phases: G0 or resting phase, when the cells do not proliferate; G1 or intermittent before the DNA synthetic phase (last from 12 hours to several days); S phase or synthesis of DNA which lasts from 2 to 4 hours; G2 phase or phase after DNA synthesis, which lasts 2 to 4 days, and the cells have a tetraploid amount of DNA; and M1 phase or mitosis, which lasts from 1 to 2 hours (Abeloff et al). The new daughter-cells either enter in a G0 phase or begin a new cell cycle. Primary malignant tumors will arise with malignant change of one or more cells during suitable conditions. Cells that enter into a continuous division will create several cells that gather and create a primary tumor mass. Malignant cells usually have a cycle that last for several days. Generational time is the time necessary for a malignant cell to enter into a cell cycle and to create two

The Battle of 'Ayn Jalut (September 8, 1260) Essay

The Battle of 'Ayn Jalut (September 8, 1260) - Essay Example Jumi’u’t-Tawarikh put this battle into documentation presenting the struggles between the Mongols and the Mamluk. The events transpired in 1260, July, when both the Mamluk and the Mongol were encamped in Palestine. The author presents the Mongol as an army that considered itself unstoppable because it had conquered so many nations and territories including Damascus and Baghdad. This victory made Hulagu send envoys to Egypt to demand their surrender. Instead, Quduz responded by destroying the envoys. There were myriad assumptions as to what the Mongols could do to Egypt, but that turned the other way round and the battle led to the death of Ket Buqa Noyan, which saddened Hulagu greatly (Har-El 28). This document is a chronicle of the battle between Muslim nations that took place in the early ages. The author of the document is bringing forth the victory of the Egyptian army against the Mongols. The Mamluks of Egypt can secure themselves from the invading Mongols. The document, therefore, intends to reach the Egyptians and offer them a clear documentation of the events that took place in the struggle to defend themselves from invaders. The document also presented the prowess of the Mamluks to Halugu, who was devastated of hearing the death of his own general. The document presents various main points to its audience. The author begins by presenting the threat that was before Egypt. He proceeds to presenting the numerous conquests that the Mongols had managed to stage. The Egyptians are seen going round and round in reflection regarding the best thing to do: surrender, resist, or escape. After a lot of deliberations, they decide to face the attacks and are seen coming out strongly. The document, therefore, presents the fear before the battle and the role of courage in assisting the soldiers to conquer a much feared enemy. The society presented by the document is seen as one

Process Of Change And Specific Change Strategies In The Coca-Cola Essay

Process Of Change And Specific Change Strategies In The Coca-Cola company - Essay Example However, there are several different criteria for creating the design and making action plans for implementing the same. This includes the readiness of the organization to accept the change, its present change capabilities, the organizational culture and power distributions, and finally the skills and abilities of the change agent. There are different kinds of organizational diagnosis which are based on their individual outcomes, such as human process interventions at the individual, group and total systems level. Besides the above, there are planned change interventions for modifying the organizational structure and technology; human resource interventions are aimed at improving the performance and wellness of members, strategic interventions aimed at managing the relationships within the organization with the external environment and the internal processes and structures which are required for supporting the strategies. The final stage of the change interventions is evaluating the effects of the same and managing institutionalization of the change so that persists and continues to be sustainable in the long run in the organization. The project makes an analysis and critical review of the change strategies undertaken in the Coca Cola Company and arguments are presented with the regards to the extent to which the change strategies have been successful in the organization.... Critical review of process of change and specific change strategies used in the organization The critical analysis and evaluation of the change process in Coca Cola can be conducted with the help of two models, namely Weisbord's Six-Box Model and Nadler-Tushman Congruence Model. Weisbord's Six-Box Model Following is the diagrammatic representation of this model. Figure 1: Weisbord's Six-Box Model (Source: Aspire, n.d., p.1-3) In this model, the two most crucial factors for the purpose box are goal clarity and the degree to which the organizations are clear about their mission and purpose, the agreements of goals and the extent to which people support’s the organization’s purpose. With regards to structure, the model seeks to find the fit between the structure and purpose of the organization. It is seen that the planned change implementation has been effective with regards to the fitness of the organizational structure of Coca Cola with the purpose of the change. Organiz ational leaders have particular researched extensively for the designing and development of organizational hierarchy and effective teams which can contribute maximum to the change processes. The different design options with regards to the restructuring of the company’s headquarters were particularly effective in achieving high level of balance between the global and the local governance of groups and geography. Moreover the process of designing groups and teams was particularly effective and a learning experience (Hatch, 2005, p.14). With regards to relationships, the model contends the importance of three main types of relationships, i.e. relationships between individuals, relationships between departments and units performing

Inspirational Leaders Essay Example for Free

Inspirational Leaders Essay In 1994, the internet was fresh in the market, and it did not incorporate commerce in its operations. As a result, he saw an opportunity for a new business network, and after doing research, he made a decision of creating a space in the internet where books could be viewed by the public. This led to the creation of Amazon in 1995. Today, Amazon is widely successful and has had a great impact on the organizational culture of internet business. Jeff Bezos is considered to be the founder of e-commerce, remains a pioneer in the industry (Inc, 2009). This paper will discuss how the culture of Amazon has changed as a result of Jeff Bezos presence; today, among many things, the public can view full book lists on Amazon, a mission that was impossible before the early 1990s. Organizational Culture Organizational culture can be related to how an organization organizes itself based on its rules and beliefs; therefore, culture gives an organization an identity. The behavioral patterns of an organization are represented in their norms; according to Kratschmer (2011, p. 2), organizational culture includes values that are shared among the members of an organization. Needless to say, organizational culture can be changed. Kratschmer (2011, p. 3) adds that, organizational culture can be changed and lead to success, only if well managed. In addition, resistance to change is expected in any organization mainly because the employees are already attached to the existing culture; hence, they may resist change for fear of the unknown. Needless to say, changes in organizational culture can be of great benefit, for instance, it may contribute to new knowledge and skills for the employees, and productivity is achieved through motivating employees. Finally, as employees adapt to change, flexibility is achieved, which leads to improvement. However, for organizational culture to be successful, effective leaders must be in place. Culture is very important, as it promotes healthy competition at the place of work, hence motivating employees to perform. A healthy culture promotes employees’ interaction at the place of work, therefore uniting them despite their different backgrounds. Providing employees with a favorable working place increases their productivity. Schein (2010, p. 80) adds that, the shared values and beliefs in an organization are important, as they determine how goals are met. Moreover, a strong culture retains talents, engages employees, creates energy, changes how work is viewed, and contributes towards cooperation at the place of work. Jeff Bezos is one of the few inspirational leaders who have contributed to change of culture in Amazon, leading to the success of the business. Amazon and change in organizational culture When Jeff Bezos discovered the potential of the internet in 1994, nothing held him back from introducing commerce in the system; he abandoned a well-paying job and concentrated on Amazon. Today, amazon. com is one of the internet giants, fostering online retail and an e-reader. Indeed, he is among the founders of e-commerce (Inc, 2009). Within 30 days, he had sold books in all the American states and in 45 countries, with sales worth $20,000 weekly. Since then, the growth of Amazon continuously accelerated, but it 1997, he announced that the company would be unprofitable for some time. However, in 2003, Amazon made its first annual profit, contributing to revenue of $4billion by 2008 (Inc, 2009). The company has embraced e-commerce, and Bezos’ will to start an online bookstore has yielded to a diverse selection of books. Today, he is the founder and chief executive officer of Amazon. com. According to Katzenbach (2008, p. 6), Jeff Bezos insists on fostering positive motivation, which does not involve money. Employees are likely to be motivated to performing their tasks if they are committed and disciplined. Ensuring that respect is fostered among employees will help in maintaining a positive working environment. Amazon. com recognizes employees’ effort by giving a specific employee an award on monthly basis for the capability of making significant savings. Amazon’s culture includes an informal, but effective environment, one that involves fun; this company is obsessed with customers. Therefore, it continuously improves its website and its systems with an aim of serving customers quickly and reliably. It also strives to maintain its culture, which includes talented personnel, who are creative and innovative in finding solutions to challenges (Lussier, 2011, p. 56). Therefore, it is evident that a strong culture is influenced by effective leadership. According to Dubrin (2011, p. 291), the strong organizational culture fosters quality, productivity and morale; such a culture values human dignity, and therefore, it fosters job satisfaction and increases employee motivation. Jeff Bezos has noted that a culture that involves experimentation is crucial in the continuously changing world. Invention may lead one to paths that are considered weird by the world (Dubrin, 2011, p. 291). Before the existence of Amazon, click shopping did not exist; these are some of the changes brought about by Amazon. The company also deals with online shopping for electronics, computers movies, games, music, as well as books. Amazon, being one of the web giants, implies that an effective leader must be diverse, being behind such a company that started very small and transformed into a giant. Bezos is regarded as visionary, but he is keen that his employees meet the demanding schedules; weekly management meetings are set with his managers. In addition, he encourages his employees to be innovative, and a reward program has been implemented that rewards innovative employees (Zakomurnaya, 2007). Moreover, the company hires intelligent and innovative personnel; indeed, Bezos would rather not hire anyone rather than hire the wrong person. Bezos is also approachable and easy -going, which makes him an effective leader. In 2007, Amazon introduced a hand-held electronic book reader, which uses E-ink to bring out a print-like appearance and has no strain on the eyes. In addition, the introduction of I-pad to the world was seen as direct competition for Amazon, therefore, Jeff introduced Kindle Fire, which shares many of the same features as I-pad, but is much cheaper. The Amazon kindle fire is an e-book reader, which is a small hand-held device; this is as a result of technological advances. Nevertheless, these e-book devices are expensive, but advantageous compared to paper copy; indeed, technology has changed in the digital reading world. Another advantage is that these e-readers can be borrowed from libraries. According to Mc Graw Hill (N. d, p. 3), kindle fire is competitive compared to other e-book readers. In 2007, Amazon. com created a successful e-bookstore that allowed client access from any computer or from e-book reader model. Amazon has therefore made book reading easier, and the kindle e-book can be referred to as published. Amazon. com offers a collection of above two million free e-books with titles; therefore, Amazon has succeeded in improving the digital world by providing e-book readers, which assist online clients in accessing digital e-books. For instance, the kindle e-Book reader has a rechargeable battery, which is built in and has a wide internal storage that can fit 1000 full-length books (Mc Graw Hill, N. d, p. 5). Another advantage of owning kindle fire e-book reader is that, the kindler-formatted e-books are easily accessed. In addition, kindle fire can be used as a form of an entertainment device, which allows one to surf the web, send, and receive emails, among other functions. Therefore, Amazon’s Kindle fire is a device of many functions, which is a competition for I-pad among other devices. Amazon prime is a membership program, which enables individuals to receive unlimited fast shipping. Members enjoy a variety of services, which include unlimited and instant streaming of above 10,000 movies and television shows. Amazon prime offers a wide variety of kindle books through the kindle lending library; members who own kindle devices benefit more from reading and borrowing books for free. In addition, members of Amazon prime enjoy free shipping for orders that are above $25, a relatively good deal for customers. Moreover, Amazon prime enables one to try free shipping for one month, and ensures that customers save by spending less, and save time by guaranteeing two day shipping. It also provides unlimited deliveries, hence guaranteeing convenience. Big online shoppers benefit the most, and this is because of the unlimited deliveries that guarantee quality of members’ money. With a range of affordable entertainment, free movies, free kindle e- books, and a two-day shipping for only $75, Amazon prime is a friendly program. Therefore, Jeff Bezos’ intervention has led to a variety of services and products that blow the clients’ minds away. It is this transformation from a small enterprise to an internet giant that has led to a change in culture at Amazon. Conclusion Jeff Bezos, the founder and the chief executive officer of Amazon. com is a visionary, and has contributed to the success of this company through motivating employees with rewards, as well as ensuring that customers’ demands are met. He is an inspiring leader, and despite the fact that he does not value communication, he believes in the â€Å"just-do-it† aspect that motivates employees to perform. Jeff is not limited to only e-books, he has also engages in online retailing of music, movies, clothes, and streaming television shows. The unveiling of kindle fire in 2007 is among his achievements; Amazon prime has also been a competitive advantage for the company and has attracted many members. A strong organization culture requires an effective leader; Amazon is one successful company that has been influenced by an inspirational leader. Indeed, Jeff has contributed to various changes in the organization, which have contributed to successful culture in the organization.

Analysing Porters Diamond Framework In Modern Industries

Analysing Porters Diamond Framework In Modern Industries Since the publication of Porters book, The Competitive Advantage of Nations in 1990, it has attracted considerations from other scholars. Porter used the Diamond model as a theoretical framework for analyzing the national competitiveness, explaining Why do some social groups, economic institutions, and nations advance and prosper? Although Porters Diamond framework has had extensive research and discussion by other scholars, it has also subjected to many doubts and criticism. The diamond model has been founded as too abstract and is only applicable to developed countries which neglected historical dimensions of the late development theory. It also gave too little attention on the impact of national culture as well as downplays the role of the state while it is one of the most influential factors that contribute toward the national competitiveness. Queries have been raised whether factor and demand conditions are transnational or purely national. The essay will assess the idea about diamond model and the Competitive Advantage of Nations in detail and argue that Porters Diamond model does not provides a satisfactory solution to the explain the reason of a nation that achieves international success in a particular industry. Different views of scholars will be employed to highlight the arguments, empirical evidences of industries among the five big countries would be discussed and relevant theories will be cited to support the findings. Principle The primary objective of the book is to explain that the influence of the nation on the international competitive performance of firms occurs through the way in which a firms proximate environment shapes its competitive success over time (Porter 1990 p.29). Also, the level of economic development and national competitiveness of a country is not only related to the political environment and the whole economic conditions, the home base play an important role. Porter has analyzed that the firms are principle actors rather than the nations and states that competitive advantage is created and sustained through a highly localized process. Porter s theory of national competitive advantage, the Diamond model has been developed as a tool through studying of a hundred industries among ten nations to analyze the reasons that a nation could achieve international success in a particular industry. He believes that the ability of a country to gain competitive advantage and become success in a particular industry depends on four national determinants of competitive advantage in a particular industry: 1) Factor conditions which include both basic and advanced factors such as human, physical, knowledge and capital resources as well as infrastructure while advanced factors are the most significant for the competitive advantage 2) Demand conditions, Porter place particular emphasis on the structure of demand in the home market and the role of home demand in providing the impetus for upgrading competitive advantage. 3 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °related and supporting industries. This refers to the clustering of suppliers, knowledge-input institutions and end-users in close proximity which stimulate innovation and increase competitiveness. 4 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °firm strategy, structure and rivalry. It includes the way in which firm are managed and chose to compete. Domestic rivalry is effective in competitive advantage upgrading which gives pressure to the firms to improve on the aspects of quality, innovation and controlling cost. Chance and the government are the two external variables that influence the four determinants of the diamond model. From porters point of view, Chance events (Porter 1990) can create discontinuities that allow shifts in competitive position. while Government is the one which could benefits or adversely affects the four determinants of national advantage in an industry. The diamond model is shown below: (Wikipedia) Example of Pharmacheutical industry Porters first application of the diamond approach has been commended and criticized (Rugman 1991; Dunning 1993; Cho 1994; Brouthers, Brouthers 1997; Moon et al. 1998) as its diamond model has an exclusive focus on the home base concept, which leads to failure to incorporate the effects of multinational activities in his model. The success Germany is because of RD base in the pharmaceutical industry, but the base is mostly come from the outward FDI which is more the multinational activities rather than the home base. According to Gambardella (2000) The competitive advantages of pharmaceutical industry are RD and innovative competencies, marketing and distribution capabilities. Other determinant factors such as financial system, government regulation, education, private businesses and demand etc. are all influences an industry and companies success. Local competitors of multinationals are usually smaller companies specialized in sales of non RD intensive drugs (Gambardella, 2000). For example, pharmaceutical companies operations consist mostly of manufacturing and distribution. The demand for pharmaceutical is low in China comparing to Germany, UK, USA and Japan. Refers to European statistics, pharmaceuticals companies in European countries are much more labour intensive than the US and Japanese ones. The US and Japanese companies are more rely on capital and RD While contrasting the share of valued added on total production value, there are much higher for US and Japan companies than the European countries.US and European companies always compete on the level of new product development. Where Germany has a strong base of RD and skill labor force , it has the 3rd largest is the largest pharmaceutical company in the world , Bayer which accounted for the, which working across 50 different nations. They have invested heavily in U.S. markets and continue to seek new product markets. They has also put a lot of effort for investing the new drugs which they outsource d about 5.3 billion Euros in chemicals to India and investing in RD in Chinas agriculture industry with spending more than 100million Euros.As for the UK, it lags behind in innovation in comparison to countries such as the United States. Pfizer, the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world where are GSK is a British one. Pfizer has a competitive advantage over GSK in the British markets because of its marketing superiority, patenting and high level of RD operations . In comparison the pharmaceutical industry in the US, UK , Germany and China, Bayer has invested aggressively in research and development and it ranks highly among American companies Bayers powerful position in the pharmaceutical industry due to the high level of Germanys education which supplied the human capital as well as skilled labor force that are necessary in this highly competitive industry. Although the evidence above illustrates that the German success is due to the reason on the strong RD base in the example pharmaceutical industry, the base is mostly come from the outward FDI which Porter has not regards this as an important factor toward the contribution of competitive advantage. Example of Automobile Industry Furthermore, Cho (1994)  have criticized Porters discussion about the role of state and MNEs in the theory of national competitive advantage and argues that diamond theory proposed by Porter  is limited to  the used in  developing countries,  and emphasis that the different of  Human resources  in a group and between  the different  factors  and  material factors  in the patterns  are different,  will affect  the national competitiveness. This comes to an example of the automobile industry. For instance, China is a late developed countries which has a lower level of education and therefore leads to a more unskilled labor force comparing to the other developed countries such as US, UK, Germany and Japan. In the automobile industry, Firms in Japan such as Toyota has the highest expenditure on RD and innovation where China is much less competitive in terms of innovation in high technology sectors .The main competitive advantage of automobile industry in China is the massive workforce and cheap labor cost in comparison with Japan , US and the European countries, as well as attracting the FDI and MNEs, it increases the national competitiveness. On the other hand, given the fact that Porter has downplayed the role of the Government in the theory of the national competitive advantage, Government still plays an important role in a particular industry of an country especially for the late developed countries. For instance, since the enterprise and financial institution are almost state owned, China is the country that most of the large industries continue relying on the assistant of Government. The example of the Chinese industry shows the fact that the importance of government power as well as the contribution of MNEs in Chinas automobile industry. Porter has been ignores the Late development theory and gave too little consideration to the role of the state. The diamond model would not be applicable for the less developed countries as a tool to analyze the national competitive advantage such as China. Moreover, Bosch and Prooijen(1992) were also proposed that the Diamond model has neglected the impact of  national culture on the  competitive advantage of nations. This focus on a broad range of subjects within the field of management: management style( Lindvist, 1988),human resources management(Schneider,1988) , motivation theory, (Hofstede,1980)learning curves(Hayes and Allinson,1988), technology transfers( Kedia and Bhagat,1988) and marketing strategy( Tse et al., 1988. The pointed out that In countries with less need for uncertainty avoidance, relations are much loose and hesitation to change in smaller. In the example of automobile industry of Japan and European countries, Japanese firms would design the parts together with the suppliers and the car makers whereas the European firms made a new car without any assistant from the suppliers. This illustrates the uncertainty avoider and shows that the national culture has an important impact on these relations. Against the Diamond model : Evidence of Canada However, Dunnings (1980) argue that when large MNEs seek to improve their global competence and efficiency (when a home nation does not have all sources of competitive advantage), their activities in some or all of the determinants do contribute to a host nations competitiveness in the long run. The successful Canadian exporters show a similar pattern, summarised in Porter (1991a, p.140 Figure 5.1). The twenty-five industries are taking into account either the four main conditions, or the two external variables. There were 25 industries that are group into four additional categories for Canada: resource-based, market-access based, innovation-driven and other. The conclusion is drawn as The basic application of the theory captured shows that Canada has no diamonds. And either Canada is in dire economic straits because it lacks these industry patterns, or the diamond does not apply to all national economies. As a result, the empirical tests results have against the Porters diamond theory which Porter has cautionary comments about complacency, and the probable negative effects of the lack of diamonds are simply assertions. In the role of international economy of Canada, it contains the competitive advantages in the aspect of trading comparing to the European countries ,US, UK ,Japan who has strong base of diamond model. Canada also ranks the top three in the exports sectors . In order for a company to be successful within their industry ,they must improve the level of RD such as, attracting MNEs and FDI, investing abroad in labour skills and technology, consequently, as the seen it are hardly that any competitive advantages are purely national. As MNEs start investing in different industry in Canada, it would gain more competitive advantage through which makes the industries become globalization. Conclusion In conclusion, Porters diamond framework has been extensively discussed and broadly used among nations and industries. However, its actual contribution of analyzing the national competitive advantage has not been clarified. From the above evidences, it indicates that there has been inconsistence between the industry evidences among the countries and Porters theory of Diamond model.As Porter states that firms must actively improve their home base in order to upgrading the determinant and gain national competitiveness. However, in the example of pharmaceutical industry, Germanys success due to the mature RD base of the industries where the RD base are mostly depends on the FDI and Government that Porter does not put much attention on. Moreover, Since Porters study of diamond model is only based on ten nations, it does not provide a satisfactory answer to the national competiveness of the industry for less developed countries. In the case study of the pharmaceutical industries, Porter has neglected the Late Development Theory which is not applicable to the countries such as China. On the other hand, the impact of national culture is one of the missing elements in Porters analysis that would be a factor which influences the national competitiveness. Porter has also gave too litter consideration on the aspect of the Government role and participation of the MNEs where the example of automobile industries indicates that both the Government and MNEs has a lot of impacts in the national competiveness. Another disagreement with Porter is that the factors and demands conditions are not purely national. The data from the example shows that Canada has achieved a good standard of the role of international economy. Although industries in Canada does not have a strong diamond structure as Porter required to contain substantial national competitive advantage, it attracts foreign direct investment and reach high level of exports. These all help the Canadian industries to set up the global webs and become globalization. As there are underlying questions and problems of Porters Diamond framework. Other scholars new theories such as Double  Diamond Model (Rugman 1991) and Nine-Factor Model  (Cho 1994) are suggested to adjust the missing dimensions in Porters analysis. This will explains the reason that some nations could achieve success in particular industry in detail and the models could be used to assess competitive advantage of the national environment in more accurate way which also help  the  industry as a whole  to enhance  the international competitiveness.